1
2
  -2024
..  
 
( -II)
 : 3   : 100
:               
-
1.              
  ?
2.       ?        :
 
10-20 12
20-30 30
30-40 35
40-50 65
50-60 45
60-70 25
70-80 18
2
2
3.     ,      
 
0-10 4
10-20 2
20-30 18
30-40 22
40-50 21
50-60 19
60-70 10
70-80 3
80-90 1
4.        :
    ()
20-29 5
30-39 12
40-49 15
50-59 20
60-69 18
70-79 10
80-89 6
90-99 5
-
5.       12        
:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
9
6
10
3
5
4
7
8
2
11
1
3
2
6.    10        :
 X  Y
56 147
42 125
36 118
47 128
49 145
42 140
60 155
72 160
63 149
55 150
X  Y            45  ,   
 
-
7.     ,        :

 
 



6.5
500
10.8

2.8
124
2.9

4.7
69
8.2

10.9
38
13.4
8.6
49
10.8
4
2
8.       ?       
  -2024
..  
 
( -II)
 : 3   : 100
:               
-
1.              
  ?
: 
     ,               , 
               ,   
    :            
       ,          
                 ,
            
  
  ?
5
2
           -     
      -           
,        
                  ,
       ,           
             
  
            :
1.  
o             ,   
  
o :         ( , , ,
)
2.  
o              ,  
   
o :      ( ,  ,  )   
 
3.   
o           ,     

o       
4.  
o               
 
o :   (2020, 2021, 2022, )      
  
            
    :       
        
6
2
  :              

  
  ?
                 
          
     100              
     ,       ,      
  ,      

  

25

30

20

15

10
               
  
     :
1.   ( )
o          
o :   ( 1,  2,  3, )    
2.   (- )
o            
o :           
7
2



1
20
25
45
2
18
22
40
3
25
20
45
63
67
130
            
  
          :
:  -      
 :       
 (  ):  .
:   .
:           (  )
  
  :       
 :       
    :       
  :         
    
            :
1.     
o          - 
o :      “M”  “F”    “Male”  “Female” 
8
2
2.       
o           ,   
  
o        
3.   
o             
o       
4.    
o        ,      
o      
5.       
o          (,     
 )
o       ,        
(, , , )
6.    
o          ,       
 
o :: 
  , 2024
7.    
o            (, , , ,
)
o               
8.    
   
o              
o :*       

               
            ,   
9
2
             ,   
   
          ,  ,   
    -            
   , ,         
2.       ?        :
 
10-20 12
20-30 30
30-40 35
40-50 65
50-60 45
60-70 25
70-80 18
: 
   ,              
                  
          ,  ,      
 ,            ,      
                
  ?
         ,          
      ,          
        ,     
  
  
1.                
 ,               

10
2
2.   -             , 
            
3.   -               
  ,          
4.   -           ,    
 
  ?
                    
,        
  
1.   -             ,  
        
2.   -              
      
3.  -            ,     
       
4.   -              ,   
       
      




,     
  .
      
.

          
     

,  ,  ,
 .
 ,  , ,
  .

,      
 
,       
 
11
2
 
                    
            ,       
           ,        
    
 
                 
               :
 ()

10-20
12
20-30
30
30-40
35
40-50
65
50-60
45
60-70
25
70-80
18
   
1. X-  Y-  X-   (10-20, 20-30, )   ,  Y-
    
2.    :     Y-    
3.       :            
   ,         
4.        :X-   , Y-    
         
     ,           ,  
        

              
   ,              
12
2
                   
   ,       ,        
 ,         
3.     ,      
 
0-10 4
10-20 2
20-30 18
30-40 22
40-50 21
50-60 19
60-70 10
70-80 3
80-90 1
: 
,           ,        
                   ,
                   
    
  ,           ,    
         
  
              :

 (f)
0 - 10
4
10 - 20
2
13
2
20 - 30
18
30 - 40
22
40 - 50
21
50 - 60
19
60 - 70
10
70 - 80
3
80 - 90
1
,     ,      
1.  ()
 ( )                 
 ,      :
:
   (     )
   (   ) ,       :
 1:   (
)  

 (f)

(x)
× 
0 - 10
4
(0+10)/2 = 5
4 × 5 = 20
10 - 20
2
(10+20)/2 = 15
2 × 15 = 30
20 - 30
18
(20+30)/2 = 25
18 × 25 = 450
30 - 40
22
(30+40)/2 = 35
22 × 35 = 770
14
2
40 - 50
21
(40+50)/2 = 45
21 × 45 = 945
50 - 60
19
(50+60)/2 = 55
19 × 55 = 1045
60 - 70
10
(60+70)/2 = 65
10 × 65 = 650
70 - 80
3
(70+80)/2 = 75
3 × 75 = 225
80 - 90
1
(80+90)/2 = 85
1 × 85 = 85
 2:    
f   (  ):
f × x  :
   :
 ,   = 42.2
2. 
      ,           
,        :
:
 =    
 =  (   )
 =     
15
2
f_m =   
 =  
 1:    
 () = 100
N/2 = 100/2 = 50 (         50   )
 :


 
0 - 10
4
4
10 - 20
2
6
20 - 30
18
24
30 - 40
22
46
40 - 50
21
67
  40-50 ,      46     67 ,  50 
 2:   
 = 40(    )
 = 46(40-50    )
_ = 21(   )
 = 10(  )
 ,  = 41.9
3. 
            30-40 (22 )
     :
16
2
:
 =    
f_1 =   
f_0 =      
f_2 =      
 =  
  :
 = 30, f_1 = 22, f_0 = 18, f_2 = 21, h = 10
:  = 38

 = 42.2
 = 41.9
 = 38
4.        :
    ()
20-29 5
30-39 12
40-49 15
50-59 20
17
2
60-69 18
70-79 10
80-89 6
90-99 5
:   :   
   ?
                  
   ,           ,     
                   
    ()  
  ,               ,
                 ,  
       
  
        :
1.  :  45, 46, 47, 48  49  (      )
2.  : 10, 30, 50, 70  90 (  )
        ,          
    
,           
     
    --       (σ)   :
:
 =    
= (  )
 =  
x ()=    
18
2
(x - x=    
     
 1:     
 
    (, 20-29, 30-39, )   ,        
 
 
 (f)

(x)
20 - 29
5
(20+29)/2 = 24.5
30 - 39
12
(30+39)/2 = 34.5
40 - 49
15
(40+49)/2 = 44.5
50 - 59
20
(50+59)/2 = 54.5
60 - 69
18
(60+69)/2 = 64.5
70 - 79
10
(70+79)/2 = 74.5
80 - 89
6
(80+89)/2 = 84.5
90 - 99
5
(90+99)/2 = 94.5
 2:  (x)   
 (x)   :
 , f× x   :
 
 (f)

(x)
× 
20 - 29
5
24.5
5 × 24.5 = 122.5
30 - 39
12
34.5
12 × 34.5 = 414
19
2
 
 (f)

(x)
× 
40 - 49
15
44.5
15 × 44.5 = 667.5
50 - 59
20
54.5
20 × 54.5 = 1090
60 - 69
18
64.5
18 × 64.5 = 1161
70 - 79
10
74.5
10 × 74.5 = 745
80 - 89
6
84.5
6 × 84.5 = 507
90 - 99
5
94.5
5 × 94.5 = 472.5
, f × x   :
∑(f × x)= 122.5 + 414 + 667.5 + 1090 + 1161 + 745 + 507 + 472.5 = 5179.5
 ,    :
= 5 + 12 + 15 + 20 + 18 + 10 + 6 + 5= 91
,    :
,  (x) = 56.94.
 3: (x - x f(x - x  
,            
 

(x)
 - 
(x - x

f(x - x
20 - 29
24.5
24.5 - 56.94 = -32.44
1052.43
5
5262.15
30 - 39
34.5
34.5 - 56.94 = -22.44
503.59
12
6043.08
40 - 49
44.5
44.5 - 56.94 = -12.44
154.78
15
2321.70
50 - 59
54.5
54.5 - 56.94 = -2.44
5.95
20
119.00
20
2
 

(x)
 - 
(x - x

f(x - x
60 - 69
64.5
64.5 - 56.94 = 7.56
57.15
18
1028.70
70 - 79
74.5
74.5 - 56.94 = 17.56
308.44
10
3084.40
80 - 89
84.5
84.5 - 56.94 = 27.56
760.48
6
4562.88
90 - 99
94.5
94.5 - 56.94 = 37.56
1411.23
5
7056.15
, f(x - x  :
∑f(x−xˉ)2= 5262.15 + 6043.08 + 2321.70 + 119.00 + 1028.70 + 3084.40 + 4562.88 + 7056.15 =
29478.06
 4:    
  :
   18.03

                 ,  
    56.94      18.03         
  
     (, 5),            
       (, 30),           

-
5.       12        
:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
2
12
9
6
10
3
5
4
7
8
2
11
1
:    
               12  
      ,            
    
   ,           ,   
       ( ),   ( ),    
  ( )
  ,            ,    
 (1  )              
 ,    (-1  )      ,   0   
   -- 
   (X  Y)     :

   (X)
   (Y)
1
1
12
2
2
9
3
3
6
4
4
10
5
5
3
6
6
5
7
7
4
8
8
7
9
9
8
10
10
2
11
11
11
12
12
1
22
2
,        
 1:        (d)
        (d = X - Y)     

 (X) 
 (Y) 
 (d = X - Y)
1
1
12
-11
2
2
9
-7
3
3
6
-3
4
4
10
-6
5
5
3
2
6
6
5
1
7
7
4
3
8
8
7
1
9
9
8
1
10
10
2
8
11
11
11
0
12
12
1
11
 2:      (d²)
     (d²) 


1
-11
121
2
-7
49
23
2


3
-3
9
4
-6
36
5
2
4
6
1
1
7
3
9
8
1
1
9
1
1
10
8
64
11
0
0
12
11
121
 3: d²    
      (Σd²):
121 + 49 + 9 +36 + 4 + 1+ 9 +1 + 1 + 64 + 0 + 121 = 416
 4:    
   (ρ  rₛ)   :
:
Σd² = 416
n = 12 (  )
 , n² - 1   :
122 -1 = 144 1 = 143
n  (n² - 1)   :
12 x 143 = 1716
24
2
6   :
6 x 416 = 2496
,  :
1   :
 5:   
 rₛ = -0.454 ,              
       -         
   (rₛ = 1)               
   (rₛ = -1)              
  -0.454 ,             
  
 ,      ,           
    
             ,   
       
 ,         ,       
     ,    -1  (  )     
        ,    1  ( )
  ,  -0.454  -1  ,           
 ,     
  
1.    -             
2.                 
3.    -           
25
2
  ,               
   ,               
 
 
          
  (1  )      
  (-1  )       
0            
  , -0.454          ,     
   
6.    10        :
 X  Y
56 147
42 125
36 118
47 128
49 145
42 140
60 155
72 160
63 149
55 150
X  Y        45         
 
:              
        ,             
 ,      (X)  (Y)        
26
2
                 
         ,             
         
    ?
                 
           ,      
   ,       ,       ,   
   
 ,   ,             - 
 -       ,         
           ,     , 
   
 1:      
                     
               :
:
Y   ,
X  ,
a   (    ),
b   (          )
 b   a           ,     
          
 2:      
     :
 (X)
 (Y)
56
147
42
125
27
2
 (X)
 (Y)
36
118
47
128
49
145
42
140
60
155
72
160
63
149
55
150
 3:    
           :
1. XXX ()  YYY ()   ()
2.      ():
3.      (a):
      
 3.1: X  Y    
X   ( ):
Y ( )  :
28
2
 3.2:    ()
     :
   ,   :
=0.96
 3.3:    ()
  :
 4:   
    a  b   ,     :
            ,        
    
 5: 45        
,    X=45X = 45X=45   45      :
 , 45        125
29
2
  
    :
   1        0.96   
  (     ) 81.6 ,      
  ,        
            ,      
    50   ,   X=50X = 50X=50      
 
   ?
         :
1.  -      45      
2.   -        ()   ()    
 
3.  -               
       

 
                    
   ,             ,     
                
 ,                
    
 
                    
      ,            
        ,         
     
 ,                  
                   
,             !
30
2
-
7.     ,        :

 
 



6.5
500
10.8

2.8
124
2.9

4.7
69
8.2

10.9
38
13.4
8.6
49
10.8
:   : ,     
            ,    
                    
   ,               
    ,  :
1.   
2.   
3.   
                  

      
    2020           2024 ,   
                    
         -         
   
,    2024            
                 
      -        
 ,                

31
2
   -- 
                -   ( )   
()        :
1.     ()
                
   :
:
1=    
0=   
0=   
2.     ()
                  
  :
:
1=    
3.    ()
           ,     
     :
  :
32
2

   (P0)
 
 (Q0)
 
 (P1)
 

(Q1Q_1Q1)
6.5
500
10.8
560

2.8
124
2.9
148

4.7
69
8.2
78

10.9
38
13.4
24
8.6
49
10.8
27
 1:       
   :
1.     P0×Q0
2.     P1×Q0
3.     P1×Q1
4.     P0×Q1

0
P1×Q0
1
Q1
6.5 × 500 = 3250
10.8 × 500 = 5400
10.8 × 560 = 6048
6.5 × 560 = 3640

2.8 × 124 = 347.2
2.9 × 124 = 359.6
2.9 × 148 = 429.2
2.8 × 148 = 414.4

4.7 × 69 = 324.3
8.2 × 69 = 565.8
8.2 × 78 = 639.6
4.7 × 78 = 366.6
33
2

0
P1×Q0
1
Q1

10.9 × 38 = 414.2
13.4 × 38 = 509.2
13.4 × 24 = 321.6
10.9 × 24 = 261.6
8.6 × 49 = 421.4
10.8 × 49 = 529.2
10.8 × 27 = 291.6
8.6 × 27 = 232.2
 2:   
 3:     
   
   
  

  (154.9)            54.9%  

  (157.3)       57.3%    
  (156.1)     ,    56.1%  
34
2
 ,         ,        
  
                     
                ,  
                
 ,       ,      
        
8.       ?       
:        
         , , ,  
                     
   ,               
 
         
    ?
             ,     
      ,              
           ,       
        
                   
       
    
       :
1.     
       ,         
,               -    ,  
                 ,
           
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2
:
                   
     ,            
     
2.      
              , 
         
:
                
  
                 
   
3.        
                 ,
                
       
:
                   , 
             
4.      
       ,        
:
                
            
5.        
         ,     
              
:
                 
             
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2
6.     
                
                

:
               
  ,          
   
         :
1. 
2. 
3.  
4.  
      
1.  ( )
                   ,  
    
:
 20                 
                
:
            - ( -
)   ,  ,          -       
 
2.  (  )
                   
 ,          
:
              
         
37
2
:
      -           

3.   (/ )
          ,        
            
:
        
            
:
         -  -  ,       
   
4.   ( )
         , ,    
      
:
-19           
        -   
:
                  
   
         ?
            ,         
   
1.  
     ,           
     
:
                  
                    
38
2
2.  
                
     
:
             10    
   
3.    
                

:
                  
        
4.   
                 
:
                 
5.    
          
:
                   ,
              

            ,    
            , ,  , 
       
  - , ,      -     
          
:             ( )      
         ,              